Nintendo began in Kyoto in 1889 making hanafuda playing cards, then experimented with businesses ranging from taxis to novelty products before maintenance engineer Gunpei Yokoi’s homemade toys helped steer it toward electronic entertainment — and 96 years after its founding, the former card company launched the NES in America and helped revive a home-console market devastated by the 1983 crash.
Nintendo’s road from Kyoto card maker to American console leader was an uneven series of experiments. The 1985 NES debut was also a New York test, not a nationwide launch.